How to Block a Restricted Number on Android A Comprehensive Guide.

block a restricted quantity on android – Ever been on the receiving finish of a name from “Restricted,” “Non-public,” or “Unknown” quantity? It is like a thriller name, and let’s be sincere, it is typically extra irritating than intriguing. These calls can vary from telemarketers with a knack for persistence to the occasional prankster. Understanding the whys and wherefores of those elusive calls is step one in reclaiming management of your Android cellphone.

We’ll dive into the world of restricted numbers, unraveling their secrets and techniques and equipping you with the information to lastly silence these undesirable interruptions.

This information is your one-stop store for the whole lot associated to blocking restricted numbers in your Android gadget. We’ll discover the nitty-gritty of what these numbers are, why they exist, and the assorted methods you may banish them out of your life. From using the built-in options your Android provides to exploring the huge panorama of third-party apps, you may acquire a complete understanding of methods to handle these calls.

We’ll additionally navigate the complexities of various Android variations, guaranteeing you have got the correct instruments to your particular gadget. Prepare to remodel your cellphone from a supply of annoyance right into a haven of peace and quiet!

Table of Contents

Understanding Restricted Numbers: How To Block A Restricted Quantity On Android

Ever gotten a name and seen “Restricted,” “Non-public Quantity,” or “Unknown Quantity” flash in your display screen? It is a widespread expertise, however understanding what it really means is usually a bit difficult. Let’s break down the small print of restricted numbers and what they signify.

Defining Restricted Numbers

A restricted quantity, because the title suggests, is a cellphone quantity that has been intentionally blocked from displaying its caller ID info. It is primarily a caller’s method of hiding their cellphone quantity from you. This differs from “personal” or “unknown” numbers, although the phrases are sometimes used interchangeably. A personal quantity may also obscure the caller’s identification, however the methodology used to attain this could differ.

An unknown quantity normally implies that the caller’s info is just not accessible for show, probably on account of community points or the calling social gathering’s cellphone not transmitting any caller ID knowledge. The important thing distinction is {that a} restricted quantity actively

chooses* to withhold its quantity.

Situations Encountering Restricted Numbers

Encountering a restricted quantity can occur in numerous conditions. Listed below are some examples:

Telemarketing and Gross sales Calls: Many telemarketers and gross sales organizations use restricted numbers to bypass caller ID blocking and enhance the possibilities of their calls being answered.
Buyer Service Traces: Some companies use restricted numbers for customer support calls, particularly if they’ve a big quantity of outgoing calls and need to shield their essential enterprise line from being inundated with return calls.
Automated Techniques: Automated programs, similar to these used for appointment reminders or surveys, may also use restricted numbers.
Private Calls: People could select to name from a restricted quantity for privateness causes. This may very well be on account of considerations about undesirable consideration or stalking.
Emergency Providers: Emergency companies, like fireplace departments or police, could use restricted numbers to guard the identification of the caller in conditions the place anonymity is essential, similar to reporting a criminal offense.

Motives Behind Calling from Restricted Numbers

The explanations somebody may select to name from a restricted quantity are various, and never at all times malicious. Contemplate these prospects:

Privateness Issues: Some callers may merely need to keep their privateness. They won’t need the recipient to know their quantity, for private causes or for worry of undesirable contact.
Avoiding Name Screening: Many individuals display screen their calls, and a restricted quantity is extra more likely to be answered than a name from an unknown quantity.
Enterprise Practices: Companies could use restricted numbers to guard their main enterprise line or to cover the placement of the decision middle.
Harassment or Malicious Intent: Sadly, restricted numbers can be utilized for malicious functions, similar to harassment, threats, or stalking. This makes it troublesome to hint the calls.
Caller’s Lack of Consciousness: In some circumstances, a caller could not notice their quantity is restricted. This will occur if the caller has blocked their caller ID settings on their cellphone or if their cellphone supplier has a default setting to dam caller ID.

Native Android Blocking Options

Coping with undesirable calls is usually a actual nuisance, interrupting your day and typically even inflicting stress. Happily, Android gadgets come outfitted with built-in options that will help you regain management over your cellphone calls. These native blocking instruments are typically straightforward to make use of and supply an easy strategy to handle who can attain you.

Constructed-in Name Blocking Options Out there

Android supplies a number of native call-blocking options designed to attenuate undesirable contact. These options are normally built-in immediately into the cellphone app, making them readily accessible.

Blocking Particular person Numbers: The first perform is the flexibility to dam particular cellphone numbers. As soon as blocked, calls from that quantity will probably be mechanically rejected, typically despatched on to voicemail.
Blocking Unknown Numbers: Some Android variations permit you to block calls from numbers not saved in your contacts. This may be significantly helpful in filtering out telemarketing calls or different undesirable solicitations.
Blocking by Sample: Whereas much less widespread natively, some Android interfaces, and third-party apps, supply the flexibility to dam numbers primarily based on patterns (e.g., blocking all numbers beginning with a particular space code or prefix).
Voicemail Administration: Blocked numbers typically get despatched to voicemail. You possibly can normally entry and handle these voicemails individually, permitting you to evaluation them at your comfort (or just ignore them).

Accessing and Utilizing Name Blocking Settings, block a restricted quantity on android

Navigating the call-blocking settings is normally a easy course of. The precise steps could differ barely relying in your Android gadget’s producer and the model of Android it is working, however the core performance stays constant.

Open the Cellphone App: Find and faucet the cellphone app icon, which normally resembles a phone receiver.
Entry Name Historical past: Throughout the cellphone app, navigate to your name historical past. That is typically represented by a clock icon or a “Recents” tab.
Choose the Quantity to Block: Discover the cellphone quantity you need to block.
Entry Blocking Choices: Faucet and maintain on the quantity, or faucet the “i” info icon (typically discovered subsequent to the quantity). This can convey up a menu with numerous choices, together with “Block quantity” or “Block.”
Affirm the Block: A affirmation immediate will normally seem. Faucet “Block” or “Affirm” so as to add the quantity to your blocked record.
Handle Blocked Numbers: Most telephones have a settings space (typically discovered inside the cellphone app’s settings) the place you may view and handle your blocked numbers. You possibly can unblock numbers from this record if wanted.

Blocking a Particular Quantity Utilizing the Native Android Methodology

Let’s illustrate methods to block a particular quantity. Think about you have obtained a name from 555-123-4567, and also you need to stop future calls from that quantity. This is how:

Open the Cellphone App: Launch the cellphone software in your Android gadget.
Discover the Quantity in Name Historical past: Go to your name historical past (Recents). Find the entry for 555-123-4567.
Faucet the Data Icon: Faucet the “i” icon or faucet and maintain on the quantity to entry extra choices.
Choose “Block Quantity”: From the menu that seems, select the choice that claims “Block quantity” or one thing related.
Affirm the Motion: A affirmation dialog field will seem, asking if you wish to block the quantity. Faucet “Block” to verify.
Verification: You possibly can confirm the quantity is blocked by checking your blocked numbers record within the cellphone app settings.

Function	Description	Profit
Blocking Particular person Numbers	Permits blocking of particular cellphone numbers from contacting you.	Reduces undesirable calls and supplies management over who can attain you.
Blocking Unknown Numbers	Blocks calls from numbers not saved in your contacts.	Filters out unknown callers, similar to telemarketers and potential spam calls.
Voicemail Administration	Gives the flexibility to evaluation voicemails from blocked numbers.	Permits you to examine for vital messages whereas nonetheless blocking undesirable calls.

Blocking Restricted Numbers Straight

Navigating the digital panorama typically appears like dodging a swarm of unseen attackers. Whereas understanding restricted numbers and using native Android blocking options is essential, there is a direct strategy we are able to take to silence these elusive callers. This part dives into the sensible steps and concerns concerned in blocking restricted numbers immediately in your Android gadget.

Blocking a Restricted Quantity Straight

Direct blocking strategies on Android aren’t universally accessible throughout all variations or producers. The accessibility and performance can differ considerably primarily based in your cellphone’s working system (OS) and the customized person interface (UI) it makes use of. Usually, probably the most easy strategy includes using the native name historical past. This methodology capitalizes on the truth that even when a quantity is restricted, it nonetheless registers in your name logs.To dam a restricted quantity out of your name historical past:* Open your cellphone’s dialer software.

Navigate to your name historical past or latest calls log.
Find the entry representing the restricted quantity. This may seem as “Non-public quantity,” “Restricted,” or just present no caller ID.
Faucet and maintain the entry to convey up a menu, or faucet the knowledge icon (typically an “i” or three vertical dots).
Search for an possibility labeled “Block quantity,” “Block,” or one thing related. The precise wording is dependent upon your Android model and UI.
Affirm your choice to dam the quantity when prompted.

This motion will add the restricted quantity to your blocked record, stopping future calls from that supply. The method is easy and customarily efficient, although it depends on the quantity showing in your name historical past initially.

Limitations and Potential Drawbacks of Direct Blocking

Whereas direct blocking from name historical past is a useful device, it has limitations. Firstly, it solely works if the restricted quantity has made contact. If a restricted quantity makes an attempt to name however you miss the decision, it won’t at all times seem in your name logs, rendering this methodology ineffective in that particular occasion. This is because of variations in how totally different Android gadgets deal with missed calls from restricted numbers.

Some gadgets will present a log, whereas others could not.Secondly, the effectiveness is dependent upon the cellphone’s software program. Some older Android variations or customized UIs may lack the “Block quantity” possibility. In such circumstances, you may must discover different blocking strategies, like utilizing a third-party app or relying in your provider’s name blocking companies.One other potential downside is the shortage of particular caller identification.

Blocking a restricted quantity does not present any details about the caller’s identification. You might be merely stopping them from reaching you once more. This may be problematic if you’re making an attempt to establish a particular particular person or group. For instance, if you’re anticipating a name from an unknown quantity, and it seems as restricted, blocking it is going to completely stop you from receiving it.

Utilizing Third-Celebration Apps for Name Blocking

Typically, the built-in Android options simply aren’t sufficient to quell the incessant ringing. Happily, the Google Play Retailer is brimming with third-party apps designed to dam restricted numbers and far, far more. Let’s dive into some standard choices and weigh their deserves.

Figuring out Fashionable and Dependable Third-Celebration Name-Blocking Apps

Navigating the app retailer can really feel like wandering via a digital jungle. Concern not! We have recognized a few of the most highly-rated and constantly dependable call-blocking apps accessible for Android customers. These apps are typically praised for his or her user-friendliness and effectiveness in managing undesirable calls.

Evaluating the Options and Functionalities of Completely different Name-Blocking Apps

These apps aren’t simply one-trick ponies; they arrive full of options designed to provide you final management over your incoming calls. Right here’s a take a look at what to anticipate:

Name Blocking: The core perform, permitting you to dam particular numbers, together with restricted ones.
Caller ID: Many apps try to establish unknown callers, offering info like title, location, and even potential rip-off alerts.
Spam Detection: Leveraging databases and group studies, these apps flag suspected spam calls.
Customization: You possibly can typically create customized block lists, arrange name forwarding, and tailor the app’s habits to your preferences.
Name Recording (Elective): Some apps supply the flexibility to report calls, a function that may be helpful for numerous functions, however at all times be conscious of native legal guidelines concerning name recording.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Utilizing Third-Celebration Apps Versus Native Blocking

Whereas native Android blocking is handy, third-party apps typically supply a extra complete resolution. Nonetheless, they arrive with their very own set of trade-offs.

Benefits:
- Enhanced Options: Third-party apps often present superior options like spam detection, caller ID, and name recording, which are sometimes absent in native blocking.
- Database Updates: These apps typically have continuously up to date databases of identified spam numbers, providing a proactive protection in opposition to undesirable calls.
- Customization: They usually permit for extra granular management over blocking guidelines and preferences.
Disadvantages:
- Permissions: Apps require entry to your name logs and contacts, elevating privateness considerations for some customers.
- Battery Utilization: Working within the background can eat battery energy, although this varies between apps.
- Potential for Bugs: As with all software program, third-party apps can expertise bugs or compatibility points.

App Comparability Desk

Right here’s a comparability of some standard call-blocking apps, highlighting their options, professionals, and cons:

App Identify	Options	Execs	Cons
Truecaller	Caller ID, Spam Detection, Name Blocking, Name Recording (elective)	In depth Caller ID database, sturdy spam detection, user-friendly interface.	Requires a number of permissions, may be resource-intensive, privateness considerations associated to knowledge sharing.
Hiya	Caller ID, Spam Detection, Name Blocking	Correct caller identification, integrates properly with native Android dialer, free to make use of.	Much less feature-rich than some rivals, depends on group studies for spam detection.
Name Blocker	Name Blocking, Blacklist Administration, Whitelist Administration	Easy and simple interface, environment friendly blocking, customizable blocking guidelines.	Fewer superior options in comparison with others, fundamental caller ID performance.
Mr. Quantity	Name Blocking, Spam Reporting, Reverse Cellphone Lookup	Straightforward to report spam calls, good for blocking telemarketers, free to make use of.	Caller ID shouldn’t be at all times correct, could have adverts.

Step-by-Step Information

Coping with these pesky restricted numbers is usually a actual headache. Fortunately, there are apps designed to take the sting out of undesirable calls. Let’s stroll via methods to set up and configure one such app, making your cellphone a haven of peace and quiet. We’ll be utilizing “Name Blocker” as our instance, a well-liked and user-friendly alternative. Keep in mind, app interfaces can change barely with updates, however the core rules stay the identical.

Putting in Name Blocker

Step one, naturally, is set up. Navigate to the Google Play Retailer in your Android gadget. Within the search bar, kind “Name Blocker” (or the precise title of your chosen app). Search for the app with the icon you acknowledge (a cellphone with a pink “X” is a typical visible cue). Faucet the “Set up” button.

You may probably be prompted to grant the app crucial permissions, similar to entry to your contacts and cellphone calls. Fastidiously evaluation these permissions earlier than accepting. The app wants these to perform accurately, however at all times be conscious of the info you are sharing. As soon as put in, faucet “Open” to launch the app.

Configuring Name Blocker Settings

Upon opening the app, you may be greeted with the primary interface. The structure usually consists of choices for blocking calls, managing your block record, and accessing settings. To customise the app’s habits, faucet the “Settings” icon, normally represented by a gear or cogwheel. Throughout the settings menu, you may discover numerous choices to tailor the app to your wants.

Including Restricted Numbers to the Block Listing

Now, for the primary occasion: including that irritating restricted quantity to the block record. Throughout the app, find the “Block Listing” or “Blocked Numbers” part. That is the place you may handle all of the numbers you need to preserve at bay. So as to add a restricted quantity, search for an “Add Quantity” button or icon, typically a plus signal (+). Faucet this button.

You might need a number of choices for including a quantity: manually getting into it, importing it out of your name historical past, or deciding on it out of your contacts. For the reason that restricted quantity does not seem in your name historical past or contacts (by design!), you may must enter it manually. Sort within the quantity, or if the app permits, choose an possibility to dam all “Non-public” or “Restricted” numbers immediately.

Save your modifications, and the quantity (or kind of quantity) is now blocked.

Necessary Settings to Configure

Configuring the settings correctly is crucial for the app to perform as anticipated. Listed below are 5 essential settings to contemplate:

Blocking Mode: Most apps supply totally different blocking modes. “Block All” blocks all calls from blocked numbers. “Ship to Voicemail” sends blocked calls on to voicemail, permitting you to evaluation them later. Some apps even supply “Silent Mode,” which silences the decision with out sending it to voicemail, offering a really unobtrusive expertise. Select the mode that most accurately fits your wants.
Notification Settings: Resolve whether or not you need to obtain notifications when a name is blocked. Whereas notifications can preserve you knowledgeable, they will additionally turn into distracting. You possibly can usually select between receiving no notifications, a quick notification, or a extra detailed log entry.
Name Log Backup: Contemplate backing up your name log. Some apps supply the choice to again up your name logs to the cloud or your gadget. This may be helpful if it is advisable to restore your name historical past or swap gadgets.
Quantity Blocking Choices: Discover the assorted blocking choices accessible. Some apps permit you to block complete space codes, particular prefixes, and even unknown numbers. Customise these choices to suit your particular wants and preferences.
Replace Frequency: Test the app’s replace settings. Some apps mechanically replace their database of spam numbers and blacklisted numbers. Make sure that the replace frequency is ready to an inexpensive interval to remain protected against the newest threats.

Addressing Frequent Points and Troubleshooting

How to block a restricted number on android

Let’s face it, even probably the most meticulously crafted plans can hit a snag. Blocking restricted numbers is not any totally different. Typically, issues do not go as easily as we might like. Concern not, although! This part is designed that will help you navigate the potential bumps within the highway and get these undesirable calls silenced for good. We’ll delve into widespread issues, supply sensible options, and even present you methods to reverse the method in the event you unintentionally block a quantity you want.

Blocked Numbers Not Being Blocked

It is irritating while you block a quantity, and the calls preserve coming. A number of components may very well be at play, so let’s break down the widespread culprits and methods to handle them.

Incorrect Quantity Entry: Double-check the quantity you have blocked. A easy typo can render the block ineffective. Make sure you’ve entered the whole quantity, together with the world code.
Software program Glitches: Sometimes, the Android working system or the decision blocking app you are utilizing may expertise a brief glitch.
Name Forwarding: If in case you have name forwarding enabled, calls may bypass your block. Assessment your name forwarding settings to make sure they’re configured as meant.
Third-Celebration App Conflicts: If you happen to’re utilizing a number of call-blocking apps, they is perhaps conflicting with one another. Attempt disabling one app to see if it resolves the problem.
App Permissions: Make sure the call-blocking app has the required permissions to entry your name logs and contacts. With out these permissions, it may possibly’t successfully block calls.

If the issue persists, strive restarting your cellphone. This will typically resolve minor software program hiccups. Additionally, make sure that your Android working system and any call-blocking apps are updated. Updates often embrace bug fixes and efficiency enhancements.

Unintended Blocking and Unblocking

Oops! It occurs. You unintentionally block a quantity you did not intend to, or maybe you modify your thoughts. This is methods to reverse the method.

Utilizing Native Android Options: Navigate to your cellphone’s name log. Discover the quantity you need to unblock. Faucet on the quantity, and search for an possibility like “Unblock” or “Take away from blocked record.” The precise wording could differ relying in your Android model and cellphone producer.
Utilizing Third-Celebration Apps: Most call-blocking apps have a devoted part for managing blocked numbers. Open the app, go to the “Blocked Numbers” or “Blacklist” part, and discover the quantity you need to unblock. Faucet on the quantity, and you need to discover an choice to unblock it.

It is a easy course of, but it surely’s at all times good to know the place to look.

Troubleshooting Particular App Points

If you happen to’re utilizing a third-party app, the troubleshooting steps may differ relying on the app. Nonetheless, listed here are some common suggestions.

Test App Documentation: Most apps have a assist part or FAQs that may present particular troubleshooting steps.
Contact App Help: If you happen to’re nonetheless experiencing points, attain out to the app’s help staff. They will supply extra personalised help.
Uninstall and Reinstall: As a final resort, strive uninstalling and reinstalling the app. This will typically resolve underlying points with the app’s set up.

Keep in mind to again up any vital knowledge inside the app earlier than uninstalling it. This ensures you do not lose any helpful info.

“One of the best ways to cope with undesirable calls is to be proactive. Block the numbers, report them if crucial, and do not interact with the callers.” –

Truecaller* (paraphrased)

This quote, from a well known caller ID and call-blocking service, highlights the significance of taking management of your cellphone and defending your self from undesirable solicitations.

Stopping Spam and Undesirable Calls

Let’s face it, no person enjoys their cellphone ringing solely to be greeted by a pre-recorded message or a persistent salesperson. Blocking restricted numbers is a good first step in reclaiming your peace, but it surely’s not the one weapon in your arsenal in opposition to the onslaught of undesirable calls. There’s a complete world of methods on the market that will help you create a extra tranquil cellphone expertise.

Decreasing Spam Calls By way of Blocking

Blocking restricted numbers, which regularly masks their origin, can considerably scale back the amount of spam calls you obtain. Spammers often use restricted numbers to cover their identities and bypass call-blocking measures. By stopping these calls from even reaching you, you’re chopping off a significant avenue for his or her intrusive techniques. Consider it as placing up a ‘No Soliciting’ signal in your digital doorstep.

Different Methods for Stopping Undesirable Calls

Past blocking, there are a number of different efficient strategies to attenuate undesirable calls. One of the vital is registering your cellphone quantity with the Nationwide Do Not Name Registry. This registry, managed by the Federal Commerce Fee (FTC), goals to curb telemarketing calls.

Registering with the Do Not Name Registry may help considerably scale back the variety of telemarketing calls you obtain.

The registry is a robust device, but it surely’s vital to grasp its limitations. It primarily targets reputable telemarketers. Scammers and people breaking the legislation typically ignore the registry, however it may possibly nonetheless make a noticeable distinction. One other helpful technique is to be cautious about sharing your cellphone quantity. Keep away from offering it on web sites or in conditions the place it is not strictly crucial.

If you happen to should present your quantity, think about using a separate quantity or a brief quantity service for added privateness.

Figuring out and Reporting Spam Calls

Figuring out methods to spot a spam name is crucial for shielding your self. Be cautious of calls from unknown numbers, particularly if the caller ID shows an uncommon format or no info in any respect. Additionally, be suspicious of any name asking for private info, similar to your social safety quantity, checking account particulars, or bank card numbers. Reliable companies not often request this info over the cellphone.

If you happen to suspect a name is spam, it’s finest to hold up instantly. Don’t interact with the caller, even to inform them to cease calling, as this could affirm that your quantity is lively and encourage extra calls.

If you happen to obtain a spam name, you may report it to the FTC at ReportFraud.ftc.gov. Reporting helps the FTC observe down and take motion in opposition to scammers. Embody as a lot element as doable, such because the cellphone quantity, date and time of the decision, and any details about the caller or the content material of the decision.

Frequent Forms of Spam Calls

The world of spam calls is numerous, however listed here are a few of the commonest varieties you may encounter:

Robocalls: These are pre-recorded messages typically pushing merchandise, companies, or scams.
Telemarketing Calls: These are gross sales pitches from reputable companies or people.
Rip-off Calls: These calls try to trick you into offering private info or cash.
Spoofed Calls: These calls show a faux caller ID, typically mimicking an area quantity or a trusted group.

Android Model Specifics

Navigating the world of Android can really feel like exploring an unlimited, ever-changing panorama. Simply as totally different areas have distinctive terrains, numerous Android variations boast distinct options and, importantly for us, various strategies for blocking restricted numbers. This part dives into the specifics, providing a roadmap for managing these pesky calls, irrespective of which Android ecosystem you name residence.Understanding these nuances is essential as a result of what works on Android 10 won’t perform fairly the identical method on Android 13 or the newest iteration.

The person interface, the placement of settings, and even the underlying performance can shift. Due to this fact, understanding your Android model is step one towards efficient name administration. Let’s get began.

Blocking Restricted Numbers Throughout Android Variations

The strategy for blocking restricted numbers on Android modifications relying on the model. Every model, from Android 10 to the newest releases, has its personal distinctive traits. Let’s discover how these strategies differ.To assist visualize these variations, this is a complete desk:

Android Model	Blocking Methodology	Particular Issues	Instance Screenshot Description
Android 10	Open the Cellphone app, go to Current Calls, faucet the knowledge icon (i) subsequent to the restricted quantity, and choose “Block”.	Some producer customizations could alter the precise wording or placement of the block possibility.	A screenshot exhibits the Cellphone app’s Current Calls record. A quantity marked “Restricted” is displayed. Tapping the “i” icon reveals a menu with “Block” as an possibility, alongside different decisions like “Add to contacts” and “Name again.”
Android 11	Just like Android 10, typically via the Cellphone app’s Current Calls or Contacts. Customers also can entry settings to dam numbers.	Android 11 launched improved spam name detection, which might typically mechanically block restricted numbers.	The screenshot shows the Cellphone app’s interface. The “Current Calls” tab is chosen, exhibiting an inventory of latest calls, with a “Restricted” quantity and the “Block” possibility clearly seen inside the particulars panel.
Android 12	The Cellphone app’s interface stays the first blocking location. Customers may also discover blocking choices inside the Settings app underneath “Sound & vibration” or “Blocked numbers”.	Android 12 continued to refine spam name safety, making blocking extra built-in with the system.	The screenshot exhibits the Settings app open, with “Sound & vibration” chosen. Inside this menu, a “Blocked numbers” possibility is seen, offering a direct path to managing blocked contacts, together with restricted numbers.
Android 13	The Cellphone app is the commonest methodology, and customers can typically block numbers immediately from the decision log. System-level settings supply management.	Android 13 focuses on person privateness and name administration, together with enhanced management over name blocking options.	The screenshot exhibits the Cellphone app’s name log. A restricted quantity is displayed, and when tapped, choices seem, together with “Block quantity.” The person interface is clear and intuitive.